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Yoshida, Fumiko; Conti, Gary J.; Yamauchi, Toyoaki; Iwasaki, Takaaki – Journal of Adult Education, 2014
Teaching style has been a popular concept for many years. Teaching style refers to the distinct qualities displayed by a teacher that are persistent from situation to situation regardless of the content. The Principles of Adult Learning Scale (PALS) has been used extensively in the West for measuring teaching style in relationship to the adult…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Teaching Styles, Test Construction, Adult Learning
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Conti, Gary J. – Journal of Adult Education, 2007
The Philosophies Held by Instructors of Lifelong-learners (PHIL) was developed to identify a respondent's preference for one of the major schools of philosophical thought: Idealism, Realism, Pragmatism, Existentialism, or Reconstructionism. Using the pool of items from an established instrument, its final form and content validity were determined…
Descriptors: Educational Philosophy, Content Validity, Test Construction, Self Evaluation (Individuals)