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Wang, Chao; Lu, Hong – Educational Technology & Society, 2018
This study focused on the effect of examinees' ability levels on the relationship between Reflective-Impulsive (RI) cognitive style and item response time in computerized adaptive testing (CAT). The total of 56 students majoring in Educational Technology from Shandong Normal University participated in this study, and their RI cognitive styles were…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Computer Assisted Testing, Cognitive Style, Correlation
Rahman, Nazia – ProQuest LLC, 2013
Samejima hypothesized that non-monotonically increasing item response functions (IRFs) of ability might occur for multiple-choice items (referred to here as "Samejima items") if low ability test takers with some, though incomplete, knowledge or skill are drawn to a particularly attractive distractor, while very low ability test takers…
Descriptors: Multiple Choice Tests, Test Items, Item Response Theory, Probability
Yildirim, Huseyin H.; Yildirim, Selda – Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 2011
Multivariate matching in Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analyses may contribute to understand the sources of DIF. In this context, detecting appropriate additional matching variables is a crucial issue. This present article argues that the variables which are correlated with communalities in item difficulties can be used as an additional…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Multivariate Analysis, Probability, Regression (Statistics)

Wilcox, Rand R. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1981
A formal framework is presented for determining which of the distractors of multiple-choice test items has a small probability of being chosen by a typical examinee. The framework is based on a procedure similar to an indifference zone formulation of a ranking and election problem. (Author/BW)
Descriptors: Mathematical Models, Multiple Choice Tests, Probability, Test Items
Samejima, Fumiko – 1983
A general model for the homogeneous case of the continuous response is proposed. The model is an expansion and generalization of the one proposed by the author in 1974, in which the open response situation is dealt with. In this generalized model, the closed response situation is dealt with, and it includes the model for the open response…
Descriptors: Estimation (Mathematics), Latent Trait Theory, Mathematical Models, Probability

Wilcox, Rand R. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1979
Wilcox has described three probability models which characterize a single test item in terms of a population of examinees (ED 156 718). This note indicates indicates that similar models can be derived which characterize a single examinee in terms of an item domain. A numerical illustration is given. (Author/JKS)
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Item Analysis, Mathematical Models, Probability

Spray, Judith A.; Welch, Catherine J. – Journal of Educational Measurement, 1990
The effect of large, within-examinee item difficulty variability on estimates of the proportion of consistent classification of examinees into mastery categories was studied over 2 test administrations for 100 simulated examinees. The proportion of consistent classifications was adequately estimated using the technique proposed by M. Subkoviak…
Descriptors: Classification, Difficulty Level, Estimation (Mathematics), Item Response Theory
Schumacker, Randall E.; Fluke, Rickey – 1991
Three methods of factor analyzing dichotomously scored item performance data were compared using two raw score data sets of 20-item tests, one reflecting normally distributed latent traits and the other reflecting uniformly distributed latent traits. This comparison was accomplished by using phi and tetrachoric correlations among dichotomous data…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Equations (Mathematics), Estimation (Mathematics), Factor Analysis
Wilcox, Rand R.; Yeh, Jennie P. – 1979
The purpose of this paper is to derive explicit estimates of the parameters of a latent structure model when the skills represented by the test items are hierarchically related. Two special cases are described, which may be used as an approximation to the Dayton and Macready model and also provide initial estimates in an iterative estimation…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, Factor Analysis, Guessing (Tests)

van der Linden, Wim J. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1979
The restrictions on item difficulties that must be met when binomial models are applied to domain-referenced testing are examined. Both a deterministic and a stochastic conception of item responses are discussed with respect to difficulty and Guttman-type items. (Author/BH)
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Item Sampling, Latent Trait Theory, Mathematical Models
Wilcox, Rand R. – 1978
Two fundamental problems in mental test theory are to estimate true score and to estimate the amount of error when testing an examinee. In this report, three probability models which characterize a single test item in terms of a population of examinees are described. How these models may be modified to characterize a single examinee in terms of an…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Comparative Analysis, Error of Measurement, Mathematical Models

Hoijtink, Herbert; Molenaar, Ivo W. – Psychometrika, 1992
The PARallELogram Analysis (PARELLA) model is a probabilistic parallelogram model that can be used for the measurement of latent attitudes or latent preferences. A method is presented for testing for differential item functioning (DIF) for the PARELLA model using the approach of D. Thissen and others (1988). (SLD)
Descriptors: Attitude Measures, Computer Simulation, Equations (Mathematics), Estimation (Mathematics)

Liou, Michelle; Chang, Chih-Hsin – Psychometrika, 1992
An extension is proposed for the network algorithm introduced by C.R. Mehta and N.R. Patel to construct exact tail probabilities for testing the general hypothesis that item responses are distributed according to the Rasch model. A simulation study indicates the efficiency of the algorithm. (SLD)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Computer Simulation, Difficulty Level, Equations (Mathematics)
Van den Noortgate, Wim; De Boeck, Paul – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2005
Although differential item functioning (DIF) theory traditionally focuses on the behavior of individual items in two (or a few) specific groups, in educational measurement contexts, it is often plausible to regard the set of items as a random sample from a broader category. This article presents logistic mixed models that can be used to model…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Item Response Theory, Educational Assessment, Mathematical Models
Choppin, Bruce – 1982
On well-constructed multiple-choice tests, the most serious threat to measurement is not variation in item discrimination, but the guessing behavior that may be adopted by some students. Ways of ameliorating the effects of guessing are discussed, especially for problems in latent trait models. A new item response model, including an item parameter…
Descriptors: Ability, Algorithms, Guessing (Tests), Item Analysis
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