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Direct linkGierl, Mark J.; Bulut, Okan; Guo, Qi; Zhang, Xinxin – Review of Educational Research, 2017
Multiple-choice testing is considered one of the most effective and enduring forms of educational assessment that remains in practice today. This study presents a comprehensive review of the literature on multiple-choice testing in education focused, specifically, on the development, analysis, and use of the incorrect options, which are also…
Descriptors: Multiple Choice Tests, Difficulty Level, Accuracy, Error Patterns
Levine, Michael V. – 1984
Formula score theory (FST) associates each multiple choice test with a linear operator and expresses all of the real functions of item response theory as linear combinations of the operator's eigenfunctions. Hard measurement problems can then often be reformulated as easier, standard mathematical problems. For example, the problem of estimating…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Estimation (Mathematics), Latent Trait Theory, Maximum Likelihood Statistics
