This study examines the factors influencing science teachers' intentions to adopt gamified virtual reality (VR) in educational settings, employing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) as theoretical frameworks. We investigate how perceived threats, benefits, and motivational and cognitive factors impact these…

As digital teaching aid, virtual simulation experiments integrate modern information technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, 3D modeling, digital interaction, network communication, and databases, breaking free from the limitations of time, space, personnel, and resources. By simulating experimental scenes and objects, students…

Virtual reality (VR) platforms act as a potentially transformative tool in learning and teaching. The aim of this study was to examine pre-service teachers' (PST) perceptions about VR, inclusive of their beliefs about its capacity to be used as a teaching and learning tool. A case-study, conducted at an urban university in Australia involved a…