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'The Punched Cards Were Sent Yesterday, We Hope They Arrive Undamaged.' Computers and International Large-Scale Assessments during the 1960s and 1970s
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Joakim Landahl – Learning, Media and Technology, 2024
This article explores the history of digital testing technology. Using an organisation that pioneered the use of international large-scale assessments -- the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) -- I discuss the role of computers, punched cards, answer cards and scanning machines as an example of…
Descriptors: Educational History, Measurement, Testing, Computer Assisted Testing
Managing Documents in the Wider Area: Intelligent Document Management.
Bittleston, Richard – Information Management & Technology, 1995
Discusses techniques for managing documents in wide area networks, reviews technique limitations, and offers recommendations to database designers. Presented techniques include: increasing bandwidth, reducing data traffic, synchronizing documentation, partial synchronization, audit trials, navigation, and distribution control and security. Two…
Descriptors: Computer Networks, Computer Peripherals, Corporations, Data Processing
The 10 Hottest Technologies in Telecom.
Flanagan, Patrick – Telecommunications, 1996
Synthesizes opinions of experts regarding technologies deemed most likely to enter the telecommunications mainstream by 1998, including: (1) the Java programming language; (2) voice- over frame relay; (3) virtual local area networks (LANs); (4) cable modems; (5) gigabit LANs; (6) Internet appliances; (7) personal satellite phones; (8) intranets;…
Descriptors: Communications Satellites, Computer Networks, Computer Peripherals, Data Processing