This study illustrates the application of causal modeling techniques in testing a conceptual model of teaching using data collected in naturalistic, nonexperimental settings. (Author/GK)

Findings are reported from a study which compared the effectiveness of specialized and general fifth-grade science teachers (N=86). A causal model, derived from path analysis, was constructed to explain the apparent lack of effect on student achievement of the superior preparation and instruction of specialized teachers.(IAH)