THE BEGINNING WRITER NEEDS BOTH ENCOURAGEMENT AND DIRECTION. ONCE A STUDENT, NONVERBAL OR FLUENT, HAS EXPRESSED AN OPINION, SIGNIFICANT OR TRIVIAL, THE PUMP CAN BE PRIMED BY ASKING HIM "WHY," AND HIS FLOW OF "BECAUSES" CAN BE CONTROLLED BY CHANNELING THEM INTO A SIMPLE PATTERN. THE NONVERBAL STUDENT IS ENCOURAGED TO WRITE WHEN HE LEARNS THAT A…

Remedies are suggested for difficulties encountered in Latin to English translations by pupils in the fourth and fifth forms of English Grammar schools. Reading skills proficiency is seen as a prerequisite for effective translation, and stave analysis is suggested as a method of solving the problem of gross error in pupils' translations of complex…

Research has indicated that one significant deficiency in the intellectual capabilities of disadvantaged children is a disability in abstract thinking. Although all very young children lack this ability, the environment of the middle class child provides an opportunity so that as this child matures, the ability to think in abstract terms naturally…

There are several widespread assumptions about ethnic studies which have adversely affected the development of ethnic studies programs in the schools. Five of these assumptions are that ethnic studies are (1) the study of ethnic minority groups, (2) designed for ethnic minorities, (3) supplementary to the curriculum, (4) the study of strange…

Career education is a vehicle which can capitalize on the interests of learning disabled students and, at the same time, show the relevance of academic skills. Project SELECT (Special Education Learning Experiences for Career Training), funded by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Title III, was implemented in order to develop a…

The ninth grade unit of the FICSS series (Focus on Inner City Social Studies -- see SO 008 271) studies the economic and political realities of the inner city. This document, the first unit of the 9th grade section, deals with the ecological crises involving pollution and its causes. Specific problems include air pollution, pesticides, herbicides,…

The program of this pilot project, run from July 7 to August 15, 1968, included the following: testing participant children before and after the project, in both their native language and English; classifying each child into groups for remedial speech and English as a second language; testing of existing materials available from sources…

This inquiry demonstrated how the educational assumptions underlying the Montessori Method can be applied to constructing educational objectives and evaluating programs for culturally disadvantaged children. Initially, it was shown how these assumptions concentrate upon significant areas of human development. Then, information about…

The discussion of Precision Teaching, attempting to integrate humanism and behaviorism (what we know as educators and as behavioral scientists), provides both specific guidelines for teachers concerning positive classroom behavior change, and general directions in which education must go to remain relevant. The concept of Precision Teaching is…

Progress is reported on four research tasks. An experiment tested the effectiveness of a computer-based phonology instructional system for second-language learning. In research on models of human-computer interactions, experiments were performed demonstrating that the provision of certain incentives to the users of a time-sharing system can have…

A review of the status of classical studies in France reveals a serious decline in enrollment in Greek classes. The essential problem in curricular planning is seen as the need to find an equilibrium between culture and technology since Latin is seen as the key to the culture of the Western world. Criticism of teaching methods and theory is…

One of the major goals of the social studies is to help students gain and refine skills in the area of value clarification. Value sheets, carefully planned activities designed to elicit value clarifying patterns of language from students, are one way of securing value clarification. Sheets, planned in conjunction with ongoing units of instruction,…

A review is presented of the role of algorithms in learning and instruction. The paper first describes an algorithm as a procedure guaranteed to produce a correct result and lists its features as: 1) having a reasonably finite number of unambiguously defined operations; 2) having zero or more inputs from a specified domain; 3) having outputs with…

The need for planning in educational systems may be interpreted as the need to identify, prepare, and devise new or revised procedures through which explicit systemic goals may be realized. Usually such efforts have a specific time orientation. Planning is further related to policy in the sense that policy is a legitimized procedure or course of…

Three characteristics of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) make it suitable for individualizing instruction: adaptive response by the student, continual evaluation of the student's responses, and adaptability of instruction to the individual's responses and his achievement levels. CAI systems are being used for laboratory computing, record…