The Action Oriented, Reflection Oriented (AORO) observation instrument was designed to help teachers determine their students' cognitive preferences. The assumption underlying the instrument was that learning is enhanced when teaching strategies and materials take into account the student's natural tendency toward action or reflection. AORO…

The language-across-the-curriculum (LAC) movement in Britain began in the 1960s with a few secondary school experiments, from which developed more coordinated attempts to lower interdisciplinary barriers. This movement was characterized by emphasis on the language-learning link, the crucial role of discussion in the learning process, and the…

This paper examines 10 principles of learning and suggests ways in which vocational education teachers may apply them in their classrooms. The following principles are discussed: reductionism, the law of effect, imitation and observational learning, classroom management without punishment, shaping, the law of primacy, token rewards, the law of…

This document consists of a discussion of the place and nature of evaluation within the autonomous learning scheme developed by the Centre de Recherches et d'Applications Pedagogiques en Langues (C.R.A.P.E.L.). The center's commitment to the development of an autonomous learning scheme dates back several years. It is the outcome of an attempt to…

The amount of time that should be spent on explicit teaching of language patterns and structure is an issue among second language teachers. Those who believe that language learning is a developmental process feel that there is no sense in teaching grammar and syntax explicitly since the learner can be expected to acquire these skills as he…

Teaching enquiry methods, that is, skills concerned with constructing knowledge from available information and searching for new information, is the subject of this study, which provides a background to the subject as well as a review of research. The study sought to answer the question of whether problem-solving performances of primary school…

This book is designed to assist those who work with non-English dominant students by providing resource information relevant to second language teaching and learning. The articles in the series encompass both theory and practical learning techniques in six general topics. The articles in the second text of the series, concerning speaking and…

THE PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING BEHAVIOR DERIVED THROUGH LABORATORY STUDY CAN BE EXTENDED TO EXPLAIN MUCH OF THE COMPLEX LEARNING REQUIRED IN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PROGRAMS. A REVIEW OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN LEARNING INTRODUCES FOUR BASIC CONCEPTS--DRIVE, STIMULUS, RESPONSE, AND REINFORCER--AND DISCUSSES CLASSICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING…

This handbook is designed to help educators improve the effectiveness of daily lessons. The need for flexibility and the ability to develop meaningful variety are emphasized. Suggestions and guidelines are provided for writing objectives, planning lessons, and selecting instructional methods. Three major categories of teaching/learning…

Presented is a report on a course for undergraduate students which is designed to increase their intellectual abilities early in their college careers. The report gives the characteristics of concrete thought and formal reasoning, followed by an explanation of the process involved in data collecting and the data itself. The authors suggest that…

New developments in the field of elementary school physical education are included in this up-dated text book. The following major topics are covered: (1) organizing, developing, and implementing a physical education program and curriculum; (2) the learning process and teaching techniques; (3) implementing a physical fitness program with attention…

This pamphlet is the first in a series of ten stemming from the view that language is central to learning, that teachers can gain insights into their work and into learning by examining the language of the classroom, and that current language theory can be the means to such insights. The pamphlet contains a description of an informal study…

This is a description of an instructional method called Counseling-Learning or Counselearning, which combines principles of learning theory with counseling attitudes and techniques. This method can be applied to any learning situation, and when applied to second language learning it is called Community Language Learning. The method is predicated…

An effective and scientifically-based teaching methodology for use in higher education is proposed. Clinical theory and clinical practice are applied directly into the sphere of higher educational theory and methodology. Findings from the field of clinical psychology have been translated into appropriate and specific methodologies in the field of…

Two papers on teaching methods are presented. The first concerns an experiment that tested the relative effectiveness of three teaching methods: an uninterrupted lecture, a tape-recording, and reading a prescribed text. The three-way research design used the three teaching methods, three groups of six student teachers of physical medicine between…