Error analysis concerns the investigation of negative influences on the foreign language learning process. Errors are usually thought of as caused by interference from the native language to the target language. In this article it is shown that interference occurs in the other direction as well, i.e. from language 2 to language 1. Jakobovits has…

The intent of this paper is to recount briefly the management process and the sequence of activities that have let the Baltimore City Public School System to the stage in its curriculum development where the focus is on learning hierarchies as a major tool in the improvement of the teaching/learning process. In the fall of 1973, Baltimore City…

This work proposes to show that second language acquisition can take place when adults surround themselves with a target language and have ample opportunity to participate in its use. The hypothesis tested is that methods and strategies utilized in the acquisition of a second language for adults should be essentially the same as those manifested…

The major emphasis of this study is on the comparative validities of paired-associate learning tests and IQ tests in predicting reading achievement. The study engages in a brief review of earlier research in order to examine the validity of two assumptions--that the construction and/or the use of a tactic that simplifies a learning task is one of…

Two mathematical models of paired-associate learning were used to develop optimal strategies for presenting spelling words to 42 elementary school children. The study was conducted within a computer-based drill-and-practice project. For the study two computer programs were developed. One program presented and corrected the lists of words. The…

This document provides summary descriptions of a dozen ESEA Title III programs using behavior control techniques on various populations of school-age youth, for different objectives. Each program summary gives the title, population served, approximate annual cost, procedures, a brief evaluation, and whom to contact for further information. (EM)

Man engages in the continuous construction of models to describe his reality. This assumption led to some instructional research at Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, developing and testing a systems model for the classroom. A model building process labeled message storage and retrieval was developed in some detail. Using this retrieval…

This booklet offers practical, easy-to-read suggestions for teachers, paraprofessionals, and parents to help them understand intellectual development and intellectual disabilities. The first section highlights some of the factors involved in intellectual development and the importance of being sensitive to different stages of learning. The second…

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the sounds in American English and Brazilian Portuguese in order to focus on the problems that Brazilian students may encounter when learning to speak English. The comparative analysis of the consonants, vowels, and diphthongs describes how a given sound is pronounced in both languages. Particular…

This paper begins with the discussion of how certain developments in psychology have influenced present educational methods, and how recent work in learning theory, developmental psychology, and psychometrics strongly suggests new directions for educational research and practice. This theme is discussed in the context of a central problem in…

This book focuses on how individuals learn to read, how motivations for reading or avoiding reading are built, how the cognitive characteristics of the learner can be used to select the most promising beginning approach, and how self-directed reading extends the cognitive and the affective world of the reader. The book covers the interaction of…

The views of each of 13 educational theorists on his special field of interest in education, presented in a series of seminars, are stated by the author of this resource book, classified according to LaGrone's categories for improving preservice teacher education. Under "The Analytical Study of Teaching" are the views of (1) B.O. Smith…

GUIDELINES FOR INITIATING A RESEARCH AND INSTRUCTION UNIT WITHIN A SCHOOL WERE PRESENTED. THE PROGRAM FOR ESTABLISHING THE UNITS WAS DEVELOPED TO (1) SECURE MORE EFFICIENT LEARNING BY STUDENTS (2) ENCOURAGE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT, AND (3) PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH, CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTATION, AND DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMS. A…

The research on effectiveness of college teachers, college teaching, and what is known about how learning takes place is summarized. From the research on what is known about the characteristics of effective college teachers, effective teaching methods, and how students learn, four teaching strategies that college teachers can use are identified.…

Argues that cookbook chemistry laboratory experiments do little to teach scientific inquiry. Suggests providing students with laboratory experiences that follow the introduction of a concept and challenge students to investigate that concept through an experiment involving very few initial instructions. Lists some such challenges used in chemistry…