Teach and Trade is a versatile vocabulary-building activity that the author's students love. It is designed to introduce key vocabulary in a learner-centered, engaging way and makes an upcoming unit or text more accessible. Learners become experts in one or two words and become familiar with most target words they subsequently come across. This…

The theory of natural pedagogy has proposed that infants can use ostensive signals, including eye contact, infant-directed speech, and contingency to learn from others. However, the role of bodily gestures, such as hand-waving, in social learning has been largely ignored. To address this gap in the literature, this study sought to determine…

This special issue is devoted to describing and evaluating new methods for analyzing online writing processes in a second language (L2). As all the contributors have stated, the aim is to identify the cognitive processes underlying writing. The ultimate aim is to employ observations and experimental manipulations of these processes to build…

The role of attention has been central to theoretical and empirical inquiries in second language (L2) acquisition. The current eye-tracking study examined how external and internal attentional manipulations (Chun, Golomb, &Turk-Browne, 2011) promote L2 grammatical development. Participants (n = 55) were exposed to Spanish direct-object…

The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of an applied music notation system, Figurenotes, by using the concept of educational method as theoretical lens. Figurenotes is examined through this lens at two levels: the micro level of music educational practice and the macro level of advancement of educational policies. The study is…

The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between cognitive load and the effects of augmented reality (AR) learning environments. To achieve this aim, firstly, the studies of systematic literature reviews on the potential and limitations of AR learning environments were examined. Afterwards, the effect of AR was categorized in terms of…

The spectrum of Teaching Styles (TS) provides a solid theoretical foundation for teaching Physical Education. It is common for teachers to use directive styles that do not meet program requirements. This is further accentuated in the case of dance, to the detriment of the development of emotional and cognitive factors. This study investigates the…

Twenty-five years have passed since a teaching technique, called shadowing, was introduced in Japanese EFL contexts. Recently, this technique has gradually been recognized around the world. Given that many studies have been published about shadowing, the time is ripe to summarize the results of the studies and to propose how shadowing should be…

Mathematical reasoning requires perseverance to overcome the cognitive and affective difficulties encountered whilst pursuing a reasoned line of enquiry. The aims of the study were: to understand how children's perseverance in mathematical reasoning (PiMR) manifests in reasoning activities, and to examine how PiMR can be facilitated through a…

Children's everyday activities enable them to learn some science even before entering preschool education and children bring these ideas with them when entering education settings. Some of these ideas, or else mental representations, may not be compatible with what is generally accepted by the scientific community. This paper presents the results…

This article considers the experience of walking the 850-km Camino del Norte to Santiago de Compostela in Spain as a metaphor for an inner camino: an inner way of developing resilience. Suggestions are proposed about what this might mean for initial teacher education and student teachers themselves. Using an autoethnographic methodology,…

In the most general sense, mathematical thinking can be defined as using mathematical techniques, concepts, and methods, directly or indirectly, in the problem-solving process. In this study, efforts were made to include the Graph Theory of mathematics, which is found abundantly in physics, chemistry, computer networks, economics, administrative…

In the traditional framework of cognitive load theory, it is assumed that the acquisition of domain-specific knowledge structures (or schemas) is the only instructional goal, and therefore, the theory is applicable to any instructional task. Accordingly, the basic concepts of intrinsic (productive) and extraneous (unproductive) types of cognitive…

This research explored science teachers' perceptions of BBL. Data was collected from 105 Saudi Arabian science teachers via a questionnaire survey, establishing how BBL is viewed and applied, and whether this interrelates with teachers' years of professional experience or qualification level. Furthermore, in a quasi-experiment comprising a single…

The primary purpose of this paper is to describe the variety of active engagements that characterize student behaviors in active learning classrooms (ALCs) across an undergraduate degree program. The number of different engagement types observed during a single class meeting varied between two and eight across 23 different courses. Three forms of…