The purpose of this research is to determine the views of teachers working in primary schools on philosophy education for children (P4C). For this purpose, the study was based on the phenomenology pattern, which is included in qualitative studies. It has benefited from the "purposive sampling" technique, which was determined in…

This study investigates the effects of four online vocabulary tasks on second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition among learners of different proficiency levels. While tasks are widely used to support L2 vocabulary learning, the efficacy of a task depends on the interplay between task and learner factors. Thus, choosing an appropriate task…

Arousal has been found to increase learners' attentional resources. In contrast, seductive details (interesting but learning-irrelevant information) are considered to distract attention away from relevant information and, thus, hinder learning. However, a possibly moderating role of arousal on the seductive detail effect has not been examined yet.…

As teacher education shifts to focus on teaching beginners to do the work of teaching, assessments need to shift to focus on assessing practice. We focus on one teaching practice, eliciting student thinking, in the context of elementary mathematics. We describe assessments in two contexts (field and simulation). For each assessment, we describe…

Mathematics problems that are unfamiliar to students and contain multiple sets of information can overwhelm many struggling learners (Swanson & Beebe-Frankenberger, 2004). Academic interventions utilising visual representations can support students who are struggling to remember information and think through challenging multi-step problems…

This study compares the national curriculum of Iran and the UK to find out how the educational system in developing countries such as Iran can be improved. Because of implementing thinking skills and cognitive education, the educational system in the UK benefits from a high-quality standard. The science of mind, brain, education introduces some…

Educational research continues to reiterate the need for inquiry-based instruction in secondary science. However, the patterns of how teachers implement inquiry-based pedagogy have not been thoroughly studied--particularly from a quantitative perspective. This study is based on data from 422 observations of 50 teachers collected during a 5-year…

It's all too easy for teachers to focus on building students' knowledge and skills without paying attention to the mental habits that students need to be effective learners. Guy Claxton discusses the need for teachers to design their instruction in a way that promotes resilience, curiosity, independence, and a positive disposition toward learning.

The creation of multimedia assets for online courses is a time-intensive endeavor. Faculty have limited access to instructional designers for this and other course design functions. This study sought to determine if multimedia use in course design contributes positively to student performance or their perception of the online learning experience,…

Mike Hill was concerned that his students were unable to genuinely inhabit the historical places they encountered in his lessons. Drawing on fields as varied as history-teacher research, philosophy, and literary and media theory, Hill identified ways to curate his students' constructions of 'secondary worlds' in the historical past, including…

We constructed a new taxonomy for inferential thinking, a construct called Integrative Inferential Reasoning (IIR). IIR extends Pearson and Johnson's (1978) framework of "text-implicit" and "script-implicit" question-answer relations, and integrates several other prominent literacy theories to form a unified inferential…

We investigated the effects of readymade versus self-generated graphic organizers (GOs) on learning, comparing the performances of undergraduates (N = 81) tasked with learning a multimedia document. This document was either presented on its own ("control group"), with a readymade GO, or with a blank GO that students had to fill in either…

The present article investigates the potentialities of photo-elicitation as a technique in teacher professional development. This study analyses the process of eliciting dilemmas in four primary teachers, whose solution has proved to contribute to the teachers' education. To this end, the effect of different types of external observers'…

One of the most important processes in which professors can engage is to explore different techniques to improve the learning environment. Zull (2002, 2011) has stated that people adopt new learning by "idea testing." Was the test beneficial? The authors, who were interested in testing ideas to improve the teaching and learning process,…

In his 1973 article "The Structure of ill structured problems", Herbert Simon proposed that solving ill-structured problems could be modeled within the same information-processing framework developed for solving well-structured problems. This claim is reexamined within the context of over 40 years of subsequent research and theoretical…