Two experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between individual difference variables and discovery vs. non-discovery instructional treatments in learning of an imaginary science. All subjects were able to learn the material, but presentation of examples and rules (non-discovery) led to more rapid learning. There was no…

A reading theory which distinguishes between reading as a passive recognition process and a cognitive participatory activity requiring active interpretation is discussed in this article. The method, considering reading as "thought and dialogue," stands in opposition to conditioned response theories basic to audiolingual methodology. It…

The author summarizes the results of 133 studies designed to test approaches to teaching children to think creatively. While acknowledging criticisms that most of the studies use performances on tests of creative thinking and other creative school performances as criteria, he contends that the evidence which they provide can be extremely useful to…

This booklet provides methods that teachers can use to analyze questioning techniques and suggests ways that teachers can develop variety in the type of questions they ask. Both Bloom's "Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain," and the Question Category System for Science are discussed as systems for classifying…

An emphasis on learning to make positive comments on their peers' papers improved students' writing.

Describes how the study of established association patterns in the form of postulational-deductive systems can engender both learning and thinking. The authors used Darwin's theory of descent with modification to illustrate some parts of the above thesis. (HM)

Compares two grade 12 science classes, one receiving instruction using the Laboratory-Investigative Approach, and the other using the Lecture-Laboratory Approach, in terms of certain cognitive factors and associated attitudes. (GA)

Ten nursery school children who knew how to count but were unacquainted with arithmetic were taught a simple algorithm for solving single-digit addition problems and were then given extended practice. The reaction time on the final block of extended practice suggested that subjects had invented a more efficient procedure to replace the original…

Two experiments investigated the effects of four teaching treatments on sixth graders' learning of an ecology curriculum. Recitation was more significant in improving learning than the other treatments--probing or followup questioning; redirection of a question to another student; and higher cognitive questioning. (Author/CP)

Outlines a taxonomy of reading comprehension skills that teachers can use to develop questioning techniques that are flexible enough to reflect the nature of the reading materials. (RL)

To determine prevalent philosophies, a questionnaire was sent to junior and senior high school learning disabilities teachers in the Chicago and Denver areas. (JG)

A general theoretical framework to guide research on self-instructional training was presented which suggests that the approach is particularly useful to young nonretarded children and mentally retarded persons. Retarded children taught to self-instruct show better attention, memory, and motivation and manifest less impulsive behavior, maladaptive…

The author argues that children not only can but should create their own computational algorithms and that the teacher's role is "merely" to help. How children in grades K-3 add and subtract is the focus of this article. Grouping, directionality, and exchange are highlighted. (MNS)

Teaching sequences designed to develop strategies for comparing numerals in grade two (in France) were analyzed. Children's strategies were noted, and an experiment confirmed underlying misconceptions concerning number. (MNS)

Describes three types of chemical content, learning strategies for each type, and methods of teaching students to use the appropriate strategies. Provides suggestions for improving students' ability to learn. (CW)