As calculators and computer use increases in mathematics education, more educators are recognizing a shift in emphasis from computation to problem solving. Ways to generate problems that can be used to develop pupil creativity and insight are suggested, and process-oriented instruction is promoted. (MP)

Discusses Jean Piaget's notion of equilibrium--the propensity to reduce conceptual conflict--in relation to early childhood education. Presents an instructional model that has the teacher raising children's conceptual conflict through a series of open-ended questions. (FL)

Discusses the applications of Russell G. Stauffer's work to the teaching of reading. (JL)

Much effort has been invested in time-on-task research. Time-on-task is described as a proxy term for the notion of "attention," and the findings of time-on-task research are described as less relevant to the classroom teacher than information contained in methods texts. (JN)

Identifies 14 cognitive components of the diagnostic thinking process in clinical problem solving. Analyzes the differences between medical students, hospital house officers, and hospital registrars in London, England, on the relative use of such thinking processes. Suggests that diagnostic thinking processes cannot be incorporated into medical…

Asserts that it is the willingness of readers to confront the problems found in difficult text and their courage in working them out that define and exemplify literacy and represent the mode of disciplined attention that reading teachers are responsible for passing on to their students. (AEA)

Describes an internal thought and control process which underlies an individual's ability to learn and apply specific instructional skills. Piaget's formal operation thought schema is discussed as a means of identifying the components of this process, and implications for instructional development trainers are presented. Sixteen references are…

The article describes a study to determine how instruction on the distinction between two theoretical ideas will affect the intake, interpretation, and recall of new information related to but different from the first. (Author/SB)

Analyzes the psychological factors relevant to the acquisition of a second language and the behavior theories that have had the most dramatic impact on teaching methodology. Advocates a broader use of television in language instruction as a means of clarifying meanings through a visual context tailored to certain pedagogical requirements. (MES)

Describes a writing assignment that has been used with high school students, college freshmen, and graduate students to help them more adequately understand their own composing processes. Argues that heuristic methods are extremely powerful teaching tools and that teachers should learn the theory on which they are based. (TJ)

Explores the relationship between recent basic research on second language acquisition and the masses of data available through foreign language classroom experience. Suggests that more research is needed in order to verify hypotheses by psycholinguists on the nature of the ability to acquire and use second languages. (MES)

Explores the cognitive theories of learning and memory. Advises teachers that students learn better by manipulating information to formulate their own ideas, and that classes should be restructured away from straight lectures to allow this manipulation to the students' best advantage, particularly in literature study. (HTH)

Previous methods of evaluating listening comprehension have been faulty in that they also tested reading ability and memory, which interfered with the assessment of listening comprehension. A method is proposed which tests students' reactions to statements made in the everyday language of the target language. Results of the method in the…

"Thinking while teaching" was explored in a case study of teaching styles at an elementary school. Data were collected by stimulated recall interviews, classroom observation, and pupil sort tasks. The data suggested a high correlation between teachers' observable behavior and cognitive processes. (Author/JKS)

Since there is no basic text for teaching vocational agriculture,