As an important instructional affordance, teacher written feedback is widely used in second language (L2) writing contexts. While copious evidence has shown that such a pedagogical practice can facilitate L2 learners' writing performance, especially their writing accuracy, little is known about how novice writing teachers conceptualize and enact…

Using the single-group pre-posttest design, this exploratory study examined whether L2 learners of English can learn a speech act by experiencing perlocutionary effects of the act as feedback (observing their interlocutor's reactions to their choice of speech act expressions). Sixty undergraduate English learners at a university in China played a…

This experimental study investigated the impact of explicit and implicit feedback on acquiring Arabic grammar for second learners. The participants were forty-five lower-intermediate male participants studying Arabic as a second language in a Saudi Arabian language institution. All participants were equally divided into three groups; the explicit…

Teacher educators are typically involved in preparing preservice teachers (PSTs) in initial programs through teaching courses and supervising practicum experiences, including the culminating student teaching practicum. Using self-study of teacher education practices (S-STEPs) during supervision, the authors describe a scaffolded process of…

This classroom study investigated the effectiveness of form-focused instruction and peer feedback training to improve grammatical accuracy and thereby maximize learning opportunities during peer interaction. Eighty-seven third-semester learners of German were assigned to a PI group (peer interaction only), an FFI group (peer interaction and…

Emotions can influence online teaching and learning, according to existing studies. PERMA theory enjoys great fame in both positive psychology field and English foreign language context since it was proposed by Seligman, which includes five domains, namely positive emotions, engagement, relationship, meaning, and achievement. Although there is a…

The present meta-analysis investigated the effects of recasts along with a number of moderating variables on L2 development by meta-analysing the results of 24 primary studies. The findings revealed an overall medium effect size for the effectiveness of recasts (g = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.48-0.93). Furthermore, the findings indicated that recasts are…

This study aims to identify the challenges encountered by pre-service teachers studying in the Arabic language teaching Program in developing their listening and speaking skills and to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the challenges pre-service teachers encounter in their listening and speaking skills by using…

This quasi-experimental study investigates the effects of pre-writing (Pre-EI) and post-writing explicit instruction (Post-EI) on L2 learners' overall writing accuracy and errors at different severity levels. Situated within process-genre-oriented writing classrooms, a total of three intact groups (N = 101) were designated as two experimental…

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the world of education has found a new normal, with new online courses, tools, educational apps, and artificial intelligence gaining in advancement and popularity. Interactive video is a multimedia tool that allows the viewer to actively engage with the content in the video by making choices and inputting data. In this…

Through design and development research (DDR), we aimed to create a validated automatic question generation (AQG) system using large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, enhanced by prompting engineering techniques. While AQG has become increasingly integral to online learning for its efficiency in generating questions, issues such as inconsistent…

This article uses the Stephen Crane story "The Open Boat" (freely available on the American English website) as an anchor text to demonstrate how teachers can apply Raphael's Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) technique to a text that students might be assigned to read. The article includes numerous examples and tips that teachers can…

Students are often encouraged to proofread their writing by reading it aloud. Presumably, this will allow writers to correct local errors. Yet even though this strategy may be effective for native speakers, there is little empirical evidence of its benefit among second language writers. Therefore, we wondered how many errors second language…

Whereas scholars have extensively researched the pedagogical potential of 4/3/2 activities (i.e. increasing time pressure in task repetition) for enhancing second language (L2) fluency, its impact on L2 accuracy remains unclear. To help L2 learners improve both fluency and accuracy, the present study examined the effects of adding accuracy…

Oral Corrective Feedback is a widely used teaching strategy that has been found to help language acquisition. The factors that contribute to its effectiveness, however, remain elusive. In this study, the role of smiling during teachers' OCF provision is investigated in intact language classrooms by modifying the analytical framework developed by…