Consumer-grade virtual reality has recently become available for both desktop and mobile platforms and may redefine the way that students learn. However, the decision regarding which device to utilise within a curriculum is unclear. Desktop-based VR has considerably higher setup costs involved, whereas mobile-based VR cannot produce the quality of…

To examine the visual attention, emotional responses, learning, perceptions and attitudes of learners interacting with an animated pedagogical agent, this study compared a multimedia learning environment with an emotionally-expressive animated pedagogical agent, with a non-expressive animated pedagogical agent, and without an agent. Visual…

In 1961, Teaching Research Division of Oregon State System of Higher Education began developing a variety of simulated classroom situations through the medium of sound motion pictures and printed materials. It has been testing this technique which permits a supervising teacher to control the stimulus events in the classroom via simulated…