Learning from visual representations is enhanced when learners appropriately integrate corresponding visual and verbal information. This study examined the effects of two methods of promoting integration, color coding and labeling, on learning about probabilistic reasoning from a table and text. Undergraduate students (N = 98) were randomly…

This study reports 2 years of findings from a randomized controlled trial designed to replicate and demonstrate the efficacy of an existing, successful professional development program, the Pathway Project, that uses a cognitive strategies approach to text-based analytical writing. Building on an earlier randomized field trial in a large, urban,…

This study examined the effectiveness of two methods of increasing student learning from posterior probability lessons: diagrams and questioning while reading. Undergraduate students (N = 245) read a lesson in one of three diagram conditions and one of three questioning-while-reading conditions (embedded questions, elaboration interrogations, and…