Online-only course design has to balance students' needs to experience (1) competence and (2) autonomy as it may affect their motivation. Lecture units can provide structured guidance by being made accessible in a fixed order, or support students' autonomy by providing free access to all lecture units. Online-only courses with lecture units…

This study examines the pedagogical strategies of a dance instructor working with older adults in a virtual asynchronous community dance class, and the ways in which dance instruction influences older adults' physical literacy. Physical literacy is a multidimensional framework which helps us understand meaningful and motivating physical activity…

This article proposes a gamification approach that aims to motivate students in online discussions. While some efforts have been made in gamification for teaching and learning, insufficient attention has been paid to gamification grounded in "both" theories and evidence from empirical studies. After identifying five motivational needs of…

This qualitative case study explored how course context, such as course design, facilitation, and community, supports students' basic psychological needs and thus shapes their situational motivation to participate in asynchronous online discussions in different course contexts. Three upper-level undergraduate courses in different disciplines were…

Information and communications technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for innovation in educational practice. Among all the educational technological tools, online discussion forums represent one of the most extensively adopted educational media in higher education. Yet a review of the literature indicates a lack of empirical studies…