This article defines academic language by examining the central features of vocabulary, syntax, and discourse function. Examples of each feature are provided, as well as methods of identifying them in oral language and printed text. We describe a yearlong study that found teachers used different types of academic language based on instructional…

This handbook, designed for the language arts teacher, is based on the ideas that content area teachers must be responsible for specialized reading skills within their content areas and that reading instruction should not cease after the first six grades. Specific techniques and activities are suggested for developing the correlation between…