This study used a mixed-methods design to examine teachers' responses to professional learning on mathematics differentiation. Grade 3 classroom teachers (N = 28) attended four 2-h professional learning sessions and an additional 2 h individually on differentiation and completed pre- and post-surveys with quantitative and short response items…

The debate between cooperative group learning and individual instruction has long been a focal point in educational discourse. This research study explored these two instructional methodologies' comparative efficacy and benefits in fostering learning outcomes and skill development. This research study was conducted using fifth-grade classes from…

This study looked at the effectiveness of differentiated learning in enhancing students' mathematical outcomes by incorporating varied content, processes, and products. Employing a mixed-methods experimental design, the research hypothesized that differentiated instruction significantly influences students' performance in mathematics exams. The…

Kindergartners' math skills predict later academic outcomes. However, we know little about kindergarten mathematics instruction. Using data from 182 classroom observations in a large urban district, we explore time spent on mathematics and math content coverage. We also examine two underinvestigated aspects of kindergarten math instruction: (1)…

This qualitative exploratory case study delves into learners' understanding of differentiation through the first principle and power rule. The study adopted the action, process, object, and schema (APOS) theory as a lens to track learners' understanding of these concepts using the activities, classroom discussion, and exercise (ACE) teaching…

Mathematics learning in higher education today focuses on the need to enhance students' diverse creativity through learning process. To address this challenge, this study introduces the Differentiated Instruction based on Lateral Thinking Techniques (D-LTT) framework. It provides an overview of D-LTT, demonstrates its application in a numerical…

U.S. middle school teachers have struggled to meet the instructional needs of students in the area of mathematics. Teachers' approaches to assessment and instructional strategies remain understudied; such knowledge could help educational leaders to devise strategies to boost student achievement. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine…

Differentiated Instruction (DI) is a philosophical and pedagogical approach supporting diverse student engagement in learning, but limited research exists in DI in senior-secondary mathematics. Using semi-structured interviews, the perceived use of DI of two senior secondary mathematics teachers was investigated. One of three themes is discussed…

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) aim to deliver personalized learning support to each learner, aligning with the educational aspiration of many countries, including China. ITSs' personalized support is mainly achieved by providing individual prompts to learners when they encounter difficulties in problem-solving. The guiding principles and…

This research aims to describe the mathematical problems posed by prospective elementary school pre-service teachers in differentiated learning. This research uses a qualitative approach and uses problem-posing tasks and interviews as tools for collecting data. In the problem-posing task, information on learning conditions is provided, which…

The focus of this study is on the pedagogy of flipped learning (FL) in mathematics teaching. There has been extensive research into FL, but less research on teachers' pedagogical rationales when adopting this pedagogy. The present study addresses this research gap by examining interviews with mathematics teachers in Finland. These teachers…

Machine learning and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are predicted to play a transformative role in primary education, where these technologies for automation and personalization are now being introduced to classroom instruction. This article explores the rationales and practices by which machine learning and AI are emerging in…

Self-proficiency, distinct from self-efficacy, is a more comprehensive dimension in assessing students' abilities. Moreover, the TAI cooperative learning model is believed to be relevant in enhancing self-proficiency, as well as other mathematical ability dimensions, particularly in Statistics course. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the…

We report on questionnaire data gathered from teacher participants (n = 100) following their participation in the project, Exploring Mathematical Sequences of Connected, Cumulative and Challenging Tasks. Teachers shared their views about the effectiveness of various instructional approaches to support differentiation in mathematics, including…

Mastery learning -- the process by which students must demonstrate proficiency with a single topic before moving on -- is well recognized as one of the best ways to learn, yet many teachers struggle or remain unsure about how to implement it into a classroom setting. This study leverages two field experiments to test the efficacy of a program…