The "Developmental Screening Guidebook" is designed as a reference guide on how to best support healthy growth and development of children throughout key developmental intervals and identify children who may benefit from specialized support. Early childhood program staff, service providers, health care systems, families, and communities…

Identifying a special education teacher's primary role has been complicated by competing legislative demands emphasizing every student's academic achievement in the general education curriculum versus some students' needs for individualized instruction that addresses their noteworthy academic achievement deficits. One result is that school…

This guidebook is designed as a reference guide on how to best support healthy growth and development of children throughout key developmental intervals and identify children who may benefit from specialized support. Early childhood program staff, service providers, health care systems, families, and communities all play important roles in…

The purpose of the study was to understand current knowledge and implementation of a multitier system of support. The study focuses on tertiary interventions and uses input from teachers in a top education system who are responsible for implementing a Response to Intervention (RTI) framework daily. Sixty-three K-5 teachers were surveyed to…

One requirement put forth by national and state-level policy (e.g., Every Student Succeeds Act) is that practitioners use educational research to inform their decisions and instruction. Mathematics district leaders have been identified as pivotal individuals for enacting change within school districts. Using a design-based research approach, an…

Reading is creating meaning with print. It makes sense that interventions for struggling readers be similarly meaning-based and take place, to the greatest extent possible, in a general education setting. This article describes a meaning-based Response to Intervention plan that is economical, pragmatic, research-based, and effective. Based on a…

In U.S. deaf education, disablement results from a normative interpretation of disability in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. However, Vygotsky's "Fundamentals of Defectology" (1993) allows educators to view current deaf education pedagogical practices through a sociocultural-constructivist lens and reject the current…

Many students identified with a specific learning disability (SLD) experience difficulty with mathematical problem solving. Schema-based instruction (SBI) is identified as a promising practice for students with a SLD. The current projects aimed to tests the efficacy of SBI implemented by a teacher under routine conditions. This extends prior…

This report is meant as an imperative wake-up call for expanding the prevailing focus of school improvement policy and practice. The report provides analyses of responses from state departments of education, school districts, and leadership organizations about how they are pursuing the opportunity the "Every Student Succeeds Act"…

For students performing below grade level, additional support may be required beyond the general classroom instruction. Response to Intervention is a three-tiered process that enables schools to support students performing below grade level. Individuals that need more support are placed in either Tier II or III for intervention support (McDaniel,…

In response to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act Amendments of 2004 (IDEIA 2004), states have implemented Response to Intervention (RtI) programs, which increase the demands that are placed on the knowledge base and skills of general education teachers. RtI is a multi-tiered model that requires teachers to apply…

Through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) 2004, Congress calls for all states to identify students who are at risk for reading difficulties and then to use research-based instruction techniques appropriate for the child's needs, delivered by highly qualified teachers to educate all children. Response to…

The educational policy Response to Intervention (RtI) was established in 2004 following the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA). In California, the policy has become known as Response to Intervention and Instruction (RtI[superscript 2]). RtI[superscript 2] represents an educational reform initiative that…

This brief is one in a series aimed at providing K-12 education decision makers and advocates with an evidence base to ground discussions about how to best serve students during and following the novel coronavirus pandemic. It addresses one central question: How can schools intervene to reduce learning gaps between students with disabilities and…

Commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) III, the purpose of this commentary is to describe school-based and school-relevant interventions and instructional approaches for children and youth with autism that have been developed and employed during that time period. The commentary begins with a brief…