A range of estimation techniques are described, and a series of mental computation procedures based on concepts of measurement and real numbers are presented in detail. (MP)

The need to include proficiency with estimation and mental arithmetic as goals for the study of computation is presented. Approaches and guidelines are described for developing these skills.

Traditional methods of teaching addition include algorithms that involve right-to-left procedures. This article describes efficient procedures for left-to-right addition and subtraction involving computation and computational estimation that reflect children's natural behaviors observed during activities with unifix cubes. (MDH)

Describes the method to solve problems called T-E-M-T-T: trial, error, and modified trial through technology. The method integrates students' skills of estimation, mental computation, and appropriate choice of calculator use. Includes 2 activities for each of grades K-4 and 5-8 that illustrate the method. (MDH)

Estimation of measurements is discussed, with a definition, rationale, strategies, teaching suggestions, and several references. (MNS)

What mental computation and estimation are, what is known from research about each process, and what can help students develop these skills are discussed. (MNS)

Four ways of knowing about numbers are listed, with direct estimation emphasized. Using perceptual anchors is described, with several teaching tips on their use in estimation. (MNS)

Front-end estimation is discussed, with several examples, teaching tips, testing tips, and some references on research and additional activities. (MNS)

The focus is on suggestions for teaching rounding wisely as an estimation strategy. (MNS)

Basic strategies for developing computational estimation skills are: (1) the front-end strategy, focusing on the front-end digits of the numbers; (2) the rounding strategy, rounding the original numbers to more manageable numbers; (3) the compatible number strategy, changing the original numbers to ones more similar and more manageable; and (4)…

Ideas are given on how to teach children to make estimates in measurement. (MNS)

Activities on estimation and mental computation are presented. Patterns on a hundred chart, an amazing fact, teaching and testing tips, and other references are included. (MNS)

Use of compatible numbers resulting in easy mental computations is described, along with related teaching and testing tips. (MNS)

It is argued that number sense develops through meaningful, purposeful activities involving calculating, measuring, and estimating. Understandings that must be developed with each are discussed. More emphasis needs to be placed on thinking about the various procedures that can be used to solve problems and on interpreting the answers. (MNS)

Some research focuses on how children develop the ability to estimate computations. The theory and a research study are briefly described, followed by discussion of the study's implications and extensions into the classroom. (MNS)