In recent years, an increasing number of teachers and researchers have used virtual reality (VR) to enhance English as a foreign language (EFL) learning, but the learning effects they found varied. Because of these differences, we conducted a meta-analysis. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of VR-based EFL learning methods with…

Background: Technology advancement changes not only interpreting practices but also its pedagogy, which has long been criticised for lacking authenticity in/out-of-classroom practices. Objective: This empirical research aims to develop a mobile-assisted language learning application powered by extended reality (XR). Shortened as 'XR MALL', this…

The aim of this study is to explore how the creation of spherical video-based virtual reality (SVVR) influences students' creativity and curiosity in project-based language learning (PBLL). Technology is widely used in various instructional contexts, and due to increasing interest in VR technologies, the current study investigated how SVVR…

Virtual reality (VR) has fundamentally changed how students interact with their subjects and learn because it offers an immersive learning environment. This qualitative study aims at exploring Omani English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' perceptions of using VR. It employed semi-structured interviews with 20 schoolteachers working in…

Purpose: The paper aims to propose a virtual reality (VR) wisdom teaching model in open university English course from the perspective of "Metaverse". The study aims to testify the stimulation for English learning and the effectiveness of English-expressing with VR tools for adult learners from the practice in a pilot reform project.…

This research examined the possibility of using Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR), Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and Total Physical Response (TPR) as a new method of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. This study sought to explore the potential benefits of this integration of methodologies in order to facilitate…

In order for educators to be highly effective, they must be aware of how technology can enhance the teaching and learning process. Recently, augmented reality (AR) technology has gained significant attention and been widely adopted across disciplines. The aim of this study was to explore junior high school English teachers' perspectives and…

The present investigation aimed to assess the use of scaffolding strategies by young English as a second language learners who carried out communicative tasks in the context of high-immersive virtual reality (HVR) (Kaplan-Rakowski & Gruber, 2019). More specifically, 24 students enrolled in an intensive program in the province of Quebec,…

Despite increasing calls for integrating generative AI (GAI) into education, individual teachers still show disparate attitudes and actions. It is thereby pivotal to understand the reasons behind such divergent responses. However, factors affecting teachers' uptake of GAI in their instruction, particularly their endorsement of students' engagement…

This research delves into the transformative potential of humanoid robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL), spotlighting their innovative contributions to modern language instruction. With a focus on robot-assisted language learning (RALL) and AI-powered tools, particularly…

This paper evaluates Voki, a digital platform for creating speaking avatars, in the context of Global Englishes Language Teaching (GELT). It firstly outlines the benefits of using animated characters in online tools to personalize language lessons and engage students. As a web-based application, Voki offers various customization options, including…

Augmented reality (AR) is an immersive, interactive, and engaging advanced information technology and it is widely used in language learning. Although several studies have evaluated the effectiveness of AR in EFL learners' language gains, these research findings are inconsistent. Therefore, this study conducted a meta-analysis to analyze to what…

Virtual reality (VR) has been found to be effective for increasing student motivation and engagement (Parong & Mayer, 2018), experiential learning (Hu-Au & Lee, 2018), and even improving spatial memory (Pollard et al., 2020). However, few studies have moved beyond the novelty of single-lesson VR experiences, nor have they used VR as the…

Although the notion of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) has been widely promoted in language classrooms, few empirical studies report how social media, such as Instagram, could be used as a virtual learning platform to engage students in learning how to communicate interculturally. Framed within the global Englishes (GE) concept as the…

This study investigated the effectiveness of a Virtual Reality (VR) intervention with integrated Electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback (VR-EEG) in enhancing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learner proficiency compared to a traditional classroom setting. Learners (N = 60) were randomly assigned to either the VR-EEG group or the traditional…