In this chapter, I propose a stance on learning fractions as multiplicative relations through reorganizing knowledge of whole numbers as a viable alternative to the Natural Number Bias (NNB) stance. Such an alternative, rooted in the constructivist theory of knowing and learning, provides a way forward in thinking about and carrying out…

This study investigated the developmental influence of collaborative games, in the form of game-based worksheets, on the performance and attitudes of sixth-graders in the mathematics classroom. It is posited that games have the potential to enhance learning through positive emotional experiences. Non-digital game-based learning methodologies are…

In this case study with Devin (pseudonym), which was part of a larger, constructivist teaching experiment with students identified as having learning difficulties in mathematics, we examine how a fourth grader constructed a dual anticipation involved in monitoring when to start and when to stop the simultaneous count of composite units (numbers…

We present a synthesis of findings from constructivist teaching experiments regarding six schemes children construct for reasoning multiplicatively and tasks to promote them. We provide a task-generating platform game, depictions of each scheme, and supporting tasks. Tasks must be distinguished from children's thinking, and learning situations…

We examine a 4th grade teacher's development of a constructivist-based, adaptive pedagogy (AP) approach--and its contribution to student multiplicative reasoning and outcomes, mixing qualitative analysis of segments from her interviews with quantitative analysis of her student outcomes on the state-mandated test. Her reflections indicate a shift…

This book reports on young students' strategies, the ways they construct knowledge, and how to support such development over time. Focus is placed on how to develop an understanding of multiplication and division in grades 3-5. The book describes and illustrates what it means to do and learn mathematics, provides strategies to help teachers turn…