This book describes the Behavioral Outcomes Approach that focuses on the development of the thinking processes and is characterized by (a) the establishment of responsive conditions in which children become autonomous learners, (b) the use of structured questions to promote the pupil's use of a variety of thinking processes, and (c) the initial…

The article suggests ways to look at writing samples of reading disabled students to identify problem types, outlines cognitive processes needed in written language production, and gives an example of instructional intervention with a reading disabled high school student. (DB)

Research on understanding mathematics is discussed in relation to teaching. Examples from research are used to illustrate features of the teaching design: diagnosis and the relevance of context, feedback, intensity of experience and mastery criteria. (MNS)

Analysis of errors children make is modeled both with and without computers. Patterns of thinking are traced for a fifth grader, with the discussion focused on getting clues for remedial instruction by analyzing the dialog. (MNS)

Extensive research has proven that the functions of the two hemispheres of the brain tend to be qualitatively different. The left hemisphere, which for most people is dominant, is the major controller of speech, reading, and writing; it is the hemisphere toward which education traditionally has been directed. The right hemisphere excels in…

Research on intelligent tutoring systems is discussed from the point of view of providing moment-by-moment adaptation of content and form of instruction to the changing cognitive needs of individual learners. Implications of this goal for cognitive diagnosis, subject matter analysis, teaching tactics, and teaching strategies are analyzed. (Author)

Diagnostic teaching should be considered a two-step operation: the first half is skills assessment while the second half is related basic skills instruction. As part of the basic skills instruction, the students should be taught to be aware of certain features of the text itself when reading or writing: identification of topic, formats,…

The selection of wrong answers for multiple choice tests appears not to be blind guessing, as the current theory assumes, but represents systematic choice based upon the ways in which learners extract meaning and solve problems. It appears the departures from "expected" answers arise when the learner interprets the question in a manner different…

Examines childrens' conceptual frameworks and, recognizing that they may be inaccurate, proposes such teaching strategies to aid students in modifying inadequate frameworks as: asking for ideas, listening respectfully, providing guided experiences, and encouraging discussion in non-threatening settings. Stresses learning as an active, thinking,…

Teachers have tried many "keys," some misused or ineffective, and should continue to search for effective keys to open the doors of reading for their students. Results of recent student testing programs indicate that student knowledge is on the decline, suggesting in turn that reading is a declining art. Television may be a major culprit; recent…

Describes two microcomputer-assisted adaptations of traditional methods of teaching word recognition (alphabet-spelling method) and phonics (sound-symbol method) which are designed for use with students who have severe physical and communication handicaps, language disabilities, or fine motor problems. A clinical protocol is outlined for…

Causes of cognitive underdevelopment in Zulu children and the cognitive functions necessary for efficient school learning are outlined. To assess potential for learning and to remediate cognitive underfunctioning, 20 secondary students analyzed, organized, and reproduced a complex geometric figure. Positive effects were evident following specific…

This paper offers a way to adapt foreign language instruction to individual learner needs and difficulties. The approach consists of two parts: (1) various sources of learner problems are identified and discussed briefly; and (2) over 50 remedial classroom activities are presented and described. These activities are designed to treat specific…

This report resulted from work with primary grade children and teachers in Kankakee, Illinois. Essays by four resource persons and two observers are included, each expressing insights and feelings in order to share ideas with resource persons for primary mathematics teaching in other schools. A main objective is to represent the ways elementary…