This paper reviews literature on subcultural differences in language development to find out what the literature suggests about the nature of a language program for lower class 4-year-olds. The following conclusions are reached: (1) differences in syntactic and phonological competence are not important barriers to communication for the lower class…

As human understanding is largely metaphorical, what metaphor is, how children use it, and how they can be taught to use it more effectively are important educational concerns. A direct or indirect comparison between two apparently unlike things, metaphor consists of a topic, a vehicle of comparison, and ground--or traits--linking the topic and…