Classroom research has typically focused on the role of teaching practices and the quality of instruction in children's academic performance, motivation and adjustment--in other words, classroom interactions initiated by the teacher. The present article presents a model of classroom interactions initiated by the child, that is, the notion that a…

Reports on research on parental teaching strategies with children aged three and four years. Findings support Dweck and Elliott's view that adults who are process oriented rather than product oriented act more as resources than as judges; focus children on learning rather than outcome; and respond to errors as natural and useful rather than as…