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Download full textZachary Himmelsbach; Heather C. Hill; Jing Liu; Dorottya Demszky – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2024
This study provides the first large-scale quantitative exploration of mathematical language use in upper elementary U.S. classrooms. Our approach employs natural language processing techniques to describe variation in teachers' and students' use of mathematical language in 1,657 fourth and fifth grade lessons in 317 classrooms in four districts…
Descriptors: Elementary School Mathematics, Mathematics Instruction, Mathematics Education, Grade 4
