This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Fry readability-based digital storybooks on reading comprehension skills among elementary school students. The method used in this study was an experimental research design with a pretest-posttest control group design to measure students' reading comprehension skills. The sample of this study was…

Empirical evidence remains sparse about how videos enhanced with first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) subtitles influence cognitive load in L2 learners. To address this point, 25 Korean undergraduate students were exposed to six short videos: baseline, L1-subtitled, and L2-subtitled videos at both high and low difficulty levels (determined…

This study develops a living history model, supported by digital history textbooks, to enhance students' historical empathy in history learning, aligning with the characteristics of Generation Z. Historical empathy refers to the ability to understand and reflect on differences in historical perspectives in depth. This study aims to design a living…

Low levels of students' critical reasoning and environmental literacy can negatively influence their attitudes toward environmental issues in their surroundings. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a Socio-Scientific Issue (SSI)-based electronic module on the topic of environmental change to enhance critical reasoning and…

Chunking, the process of breaking texts into meaningful units, is a fundamental skill in interpreting. This study investigates the potential benefits of a computer-assisted chunking method, visual-syntactic text formatting (VSTF) to improve translators' performance. In the study, three passages with similar readability were randomly presented to…

The urgent need for teachers and students for innovative learning media that integrates local context (ethnoscience), and technology (STEM) to improve students' science process skills is the main basis for the development of this electronic module. This study aims to produce an interactive STEM ethnoscience science electronic module. The…

Extensive reading is an approach to language learning that encourages learners to read a large quantity of easy reading material. A substantial body of research confirms the effectiveness of this approach for developing proficiency in both first (L1) and second (L2) languages. This paper explains what extensive reading is, why it is important, and…