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Moses, Tim; Liu, Jinghua; Tan, Adele; Deng, Weiling; Dorans, Neil J. – ETS Research Report Series, 2013
In this study, differential item functioning (DIF) methods utilizing 14 different matching variables were applied to assess DIF in the constructed-response (CR) items from 6 forms of 3 mixed-format tests. Results suggested that the methods might produce distinct patterns of DIF results for different tests and testing programs, in that the DIF…
Descriptors: Test Construction, Multiple Choice Tests, Test Items, Item Analysis
Beder, Hal; Tomkins, Jessica; Medina, Patsy; Riccioni, Regina; Deng, Weiling – National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy (NCSALL), 2006
This study is about engagement in adult literacy education. Engagement is mental effort focused on learning. It is important to understand how and why adult learners engage in literacy instruction because engagement is a precondition to learning progress. Researchers who study engagement conceive of it in different ways. Some focus on engagement…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Adult Learning, Literacy Education, Adult Literacy
Beder, Hal; Tomkins, Jessica; Medina, Patsy; Riccioni, Regina; Deng, Weiling – National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy (NCSALL), 2006
This research brief highlights findings from a qualitative study of the contextual factors that shape engagement in adult literacy education. Engagement is mental effort focused on learning and is a precondition to learning progress. Some researchers focus on engagement as a cognitive, or mental, process closely related to such things as…
Descriptors: Group Instruction, Adult Literacy, Literacy Education, Educational Environment