Accepting the idea that "professional activity in teaching is related to the closeness with which teaching decisions approach the individual learning needs of pupils" would necessitate several changes in the traditional approach to teacher preparation. First, courses would focus on the diagnostic decision-making aspect of teacher behavior. Second,…

Numerous studies suggest that field experiences focus student attention on short-term survival strategies; they do not provide a systematic investigation of alternative theories of learning and instruction. Students attend to management techniques but do not develop a more reflective approach to instruction. If this is so, students at different…