School motivation as a construct is increasingly surfacing in classrooms across the United States. The research on achievement and intrinsic motivation has become more complex, given contemporary inquiries on trauma-informed practices, special education-related services. With the absence of culturally empathic practices, each of these factors can…

Based on the view that the group orientation to multicultural education reinforces group stereotyping and seldom allows acknowledgement of diverse children's unique capabilities and differences or helps children build self-identity while learning to appreciate others, this paper presents and discusses contemporary cultures of young children's…