This study analyzes the programs and policies for Spanish heritage language (SHL) students in Iowa high schools. Previous research suggests that SHL students do not enjoy equitable educational experiences in Spanish language classrooms, which are often taught by and designed for traditional second language learners. In US states like Iowa, there…

The purpose of this study was to comprehend the motivations and learning experiences of Chinese Heritage Language Learners (CHLLs) who study in Chinese programs in California public high schools where Chinese American students are under-studied and their voices are not heard. The study used Gardner's Socio-educational Model, Fishman's Reversing…

In this study, 96 world language teachers in the state of Georgia completed a survey regarding their delivery of instruction in the target language. While ACTFL (2010, 2021) recommends using the target language 90% or more of the time to deliver instruction, only 20% of the world language instructors who were surveyed reported doing so. According…

Bilingual children's total vocabulary in each of their languages is often smaller than that of monolinguals. In their seminal study, Bialystok et al. (2010. 'Receptive vocabulary differences in monolingual and bilingual children.' "Bilingualism: Language and Cognition" 13 (4): 525-531) divided children's vocabulary into 'home' and…

Drawing on Sutton and Levinson's Socio-cultural Approach to policy, this study explores the experiences and collective language beliefs of 25 teachers implementing the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTBMLE) policy in two urban Philippine school districts. Mixed methods were used to understand policy enactment and teacher perspectives.…

This article draws on an online survey to collect data about the perceptions of Moroccan secondary school teachers of English in connection with their use of translation in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching and learning settings. As in previous research on L1 (first language) use, this study emphasizes the unavoidability of translation…

In terms of integration policy, Slovenia is considered a country that promotes the integration of children with an immigrant background into schools as quickly as possible. However fast the integration process may be, languages always play a key role in the education of pupils with an immigrant background and teachers need to adapt to their…

This book explores alternative approaches to foreign language education in a context which is traditionally dominated by English-only approaches, and widely viewed as highly monolingual. It examines the grassroots classroom practices of teachers and their assistants involved in plurilingual education in the first longitudinal research of its type…

Minority schools in Greek Thrace implement a model of bilingual education in primary and secondary education, where half of the lessons of the curriculum is taught in Greek and the other half, in Turkish. Although, at an institutional level, the bilingual character of the minority schools in Thrace is clearly defined regarding both legal…

This qualitative study aimed at exploring the Afghan university EFL instructor's and students' perspectives on the role of Anglo-emotionality (native speakerism + emotion) in students' English language achievements. Further, what the Afghan EFL instructors and students think about native speakerism and the language to be taught by a native…

The aim of this research is to interpret and discuss the findings of qualitative research that has put forward the teachers' opinions, code switching and using L1 (First language) through a systematic research method in education called "meta-synthesis." As a result of this meta-synthesis research (N = 18), the teachers stated that they…

Early childhood professionals can act as catalysts in encouraging home language maintenance in multilingual families. However, there is a dearth of research on whether these professionals advise parents to speak their home language(s) to their offspring, and furthermore, little is known about what prompts professionals to proffer language advice.…

It is well-established in both scholarship and policy documents that students' home language practices can be leveraged as a key resource for their learning. However, it can be challenging for teachers to embed students' language resources in class activities in ways that link to wider learning objectives. We report how the inclusion of home…

There has been a considerable shift in opinion in recent years concerning the use of language learners' first language (L1) in the teaching and learning of the second language (L2). Recent research has revealed that L1 use is less problematic than once believed. That research, however, has yet to consider the multiple contextual factors affecting…

Teaching English in second language contexts seems to have succeeded in implementing only target-language policy allowed during class time. However, the problem persists in teaching English in foreign language contexts where English is not the official and/or first language in those countries. Such situations kept the question unanswered; whether…