A lack of information, research, and teacher training exists on the effective implementation of Common Core State Standards (CCSS) or other state standards for struggling learners. The pace and standardization of the curriculum are often at odds with the unique learning needs of students from diverse backgrounds. Researchers in one large urban…

School reform efforts are reflected in the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and increasingly impact potential for differentiation of instruction, which is critical in effectively educating students with varying achievement and learning needs. Although CCSS were developed to establish a ubiquitous foundation of educational expectations by grade…

Students served through special education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is to be provided an Individualized Education Program (IEP) that is an articulation of the student's individual program of educational and related services and instructional focus for the school year. In a standards-based educational environment,…