Due to the features of immersive learning and without the restrictions of time and place, virtual reality (VR) is commonly used in learning areas. For investigating functional design in the VR learning environment, previous literature proposed a series of theoretical models and strategies without considering the key factors for their development.…

This paper explores and sheds light on how various designs of game-based learning materials benefit music education. The developed games followed Gordon's music skill learning sequence of discrimination, and aimed to teach listening and visual skills for the middle C octave. Two genres of game-based learning materials were proposed, one with most…