The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between the perceptions of primary school teachers about their proficiencies in terms of 21st century skills and their perceptions in relation to managing constructivist learning environments by means of structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample of the study included the classroom…

We investigated and compared the learning environment perceptions of students, teachers and guides who participated in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)-based outreach activities in secondary education. In outreach activities, schools and teachers work together with companies and other external institutions in learning…

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a constructivist method of instruction aligned with the science educational reform movement to increase scientific literacy for all Americans. As such, PBL instruction is an increasingly popular topic for professional development workshops offered to teachers in secondary learning environments. This research…