USING A CONCEPTUAL MODEL DRAWN FROM SYSTEMS-ORIENTED THINKING AND RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, A LIMITED NUMBER OF SCHOOL UNDERACHIEVEMENT PROBLEMS WERE ANALYZED. SCHOOL UNDERACHIEVERS ARE VIEWED AS BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS TRANSACTING WITH A VARIETY OF SOCIAL SYSTEMS. THEREFORE, THE FOCUS IS ON FINDING PROBLEM-PRODUCING ELEMENTS IN THE TOTAL…

This paper presents a conceptual framework for the future study and development of new structures for organizing education in metropolitan areas. Intended as a step toward development of general organizational rules, it attempts to (1) refine and reduce to a general rule the concepts of organization, organizational change, and organizational…

Systems approaches, developed in World War II for military and business operations, have been applied increasingly to educational affairs. Educational systems analysis has received widespread usage in finance and accounting, and has also been successfully applied to information systems, instructional systems development, school design and…

Utilization of the principles of instructional systems development and of educational technology can eliminate the inadequacies of instructional program development by the (usually untrained) teacher responsible. The four military services have created an interservice committee on Instructional Systems Development, which has created an…

Although the techniques of simulations and systems analysis are often abused, they can provide a useful framework for rural development research. However since system simulation models can generate what appears to be precise data, it is well to remember that results are merely projections of what would be expected to occur if all the conditions of…

Proposed is a systems analysis approach to managing the economic, cultural, and scientific development of Third World nations. (SL)

In two recent issues of The Counseling Psychologist focusing on the theme of New Directions in Training, Robert Carkhuff and Steven Zifferblatt outlined their approaches to the preparation of counseling psychologists and other helpers. The purpose of this paper is to summarize, integrate and extend these models such that further paradigms and…

Outlines concepts of system analysis which can be applied to self-study in order for individuals to utilize advantageously the present assets. (DS)

Offers two illustrations of how newspapers can plan and organize a systems approach to streamline their circulation departments. (RL)

Discusses the trend in academic debate on policy questions toward a wide acceptance of counterplans, encouraging combinations of proposals which appear at face value able to coexist but upon deeper analysis are incompatible. Argues in opposition to this trend by applying concepts from general systems theory to competition. (KEH)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to show that changes in social systems do not occur randomly. They are consistent with what has gone on before, with the history and identity of the system. As long as the organizing principles of a dominant culture remain unchallenged, behavior of all the social-units originating from this culture will remain…

Understanding complex systems is fundamental to understanding science. The complexity of such systems makes them very difficult to understand because they are composed of multiple interrelated levels that interact in dynamic ways. The goal of this study was to understand how experts and novices differed in their understanding of two complex…

This article attempted to define the systems approach and discussed how it might be applied in education. (Author/RK)

In discussing the application of systems analysis to educational planning, the author examines political, economic, and technological constraints and suggests practical accommodations. (Author)