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Schmuck, Richard A. – Education and Urban Society, 1974
Discusses the concept of "organizational development," which is a process of planned change that is organizationwide and iterative in its examination of problems, design of strategies, and evaluation of outcomes, but considers two components that previous OD interventions omitted: parents and students. (Author/SB)
Descriptors: Educational Change, Educational Environment, Educational Improvement, Educational Problems
Schmuck, Richard A. – 1987
When school psychologists adopt an organization development perspective they are acting on a cluster of related concepts: (1) that because schools are social organizations, school effectiveness depends on the school's organizational culture; (2) that attempts to institute educational reforms only work when the reforms and the school culture mesh;…
Descriptors: Educational Environment, Educational Improvement, Elementary Secondary Education, Organizational Change