Discusses varieties of feedback as a first step in understanding the dynamics of successful feedback practices and identifies common elements in the concepts of feedback and reinforcement for use in making management of the instructional encounter more effective. Instrumental feedback is discussed as a model for feedback among human beings. (MBR)

Explains how to create an organizational system that will result in good performance. Topics discussed include process versus system; two views of a system, i.e., mechanistic and organic; and components of a system, including performance guides, measurement of results, feedback, and training. (LRW)

John Goodlad (1958) stated that "Nowhere in education is there greater need for a conceptual system to guide decision-making than the field of curriculum." This research attempts to explore ways in which systems thinking can provide a conceptual system, to illuminate the study of curriculum and guide the design of curricula. (Author/RK)

Examines the circumstances surrounding the demise of mass circulation magazines. System Dynamics methodology is applied to modeling a typical large magazine publishing company and the assumptions built into the model are tested by an empirical study of the old "Saturday Evening Post." (Author/IRT)

Systems analysis principles can be used to attain feedback'' from higher education institutions. (Author/PG)

Presented for the special educator are some concepts and procedures used in systems analysis, a relatively new study area used in many fields to structure knowledge, to analyze problems, and to suggest and test solutions. (MC)

Conceives of educational planning as a circular process: the demand for education evolves as a function of a changing supply in educational institutions and programs. Argues that by taking into consideration the complexity of the educational environment, policy-making in education can be improved. (DSK)

Adaptation of speech given before Division D of the American Educational Research Association (Los Angeles, Calif., February 6, 1969).

Guidelines are presented for achieving human factors inputs to the design of synthetic training systems. A method is developed for design and organization of training concepts and data supportive to the human factors specialist in deriving the functional specifications for the design of any complex training device. Three major sections are…

The fifth (of 14) volume of the Education and Training Consultant's (ETC) series on systems engineering of education is designed for readers who have completed others in the series. It reviews arithmetic and algebraic procedures and applies these to simple education and training systems. Flowchart models of example problems are developed and…

Effectiveness of internal feedback systems on policy is analyzed in terms of a sample case: elimination of segregated dual schools in the South. Findings show that evaluation by policy implementers seems less successful than evaluation by external agents. (Author/AV)

Feedback management in an individually-paced instruction system can be mathematically analyzed by the use of computer simulation models. Because of the student "down time" or waiting time associated with individualized instruction situations, reinforcement activities have been reduced to less than ideal levels. By proper time management the…

This article collates some of the existing notions about the outcomes of organizational activity into an output analysis framework and implications for organizational practice are drawn. (Author/MF)

This paper describes a paradigm for tutorial systems capable of automatically providing feedback and hints in a game environment. The paradigm is illustrated by a tutoring system for the PLATO game "How the West Was Won." The system uses a computer-based "Expert" player to evaluate a student's moves and construct a "differential model" of the…