A collection of cognitive, linguistic, and spelling measures were administered to third-grade English L1 and L2 learners. To capture formative assessments of children's developing mental graphemic representations (MGRs), spelling errors in isolation were subjected to analysis across three metrics: (1) Phonological constrained; (2)…

Unlike English, Standard Arabic has two forms of subject pronouns: Independent such as "?na" ("I"), and a pronominal suffix that is an integral part of the verb such as "katab-tu" ("I wrote"). Independent subject pronouns are commonly used in nominal sentences, not verbal sentences. Use of independent…

This guide highlights problems Vietnamese speakers are likely to have in learning English because of differences between the two languages and suggests ways of helping Vietnamese students of English over difficulties caused by these differences. The first section of the guide provides an overview of the Vietnamese language: the alphabet, word…

This selective bibliography is divided into two main sections. The first deals with Arabic-English contrastive studies and lists 5 books, or sections in books, and 16 journal articles. The second section deals with error analysis for Arabic speakers learning English and lists 3 journal articles. The entries range in date from 1959 to 1975. The…

This selective bibliography is divided into 2 main sections. The first deals with Thai-English contrastive studies and lists 3 books, or sections in books, and 11 journal articles. The second section deals with error analysis for Thai speakers learning English and lists 2 journal articles. The entries range in date from 1955 to 1974. The books…

This work is intended to find replies to practical questions, such as how well native speakers of Spanish are decoded by native speakers of English, which errors interfere with decoding by the listener, and what the implications of the study might be for teaching. Fifteen Chileans were asked to tell stories in English, and several panels of native…

This selective bibliography is divided into 2 main sections. The first deals with Chinese-English contrastive studies and lists 8 books, or sections in books, and 19 journal articles. The second section deals with error analysis for Chinese speakers learning English and lists 4 articles. The entries range in date from 1948 to 1974 with the…