In the digital era, traditional communication has undergone a drastic transformation into computer-mediated communication (CMC), which can be classified into synchronous CMC (SCMC) and asynchronous CMC (ASCMC). This study compared the effects of extracurricular CMC among students about schoolwork on students' digital reading achievement between…

This study compared the effects of extracurricular synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) and asynchronous computer-mediated communication (ASCMC) between students and teachers on students' digital reading performance at different frequencies. 392,269 samples from 53 countries/regions that participated in the Programme for…

Multiple-source inquiry that involves collaboration and deliberation is a complex construct; accordingly, valid measurement of these related competencies should require students to demonstrate their collaborative inquiry and social deliberation skills as part of an integrated performance. In this article, we report findings from the first phase of…

Educational institutions and governing practices are increasingly augmented with digital database technologies that function as new kinds of policy instruments. This article surveys and maps the landscape of digital policy instrumentation in education and provides two detailed case studies of new digital data systems. The Learning Curve is a…