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Direct linkJu, Zhongkui; Zhou, Yanling; delMas, Robert – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2021
The present study aimed to examine the contributions of two separate Pinyin skills and oral vocabulary to Chinese word reading of 70 third graders in a U.S. Mandarin Immersion program where Pinyin was introduced at Grade 3. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that Pinyin initial-final spelling--the skill to spell Chinese syllables using Pinyin…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Written Language, Vocabulary Development, Grade 3
PDF pending restorationVANDERSLICE, RALPH – 1967
IN ORDER TO MAKE A MACHINE THAT CONVERTS WRITTEN TEXT INTO SPOKEN LANGUAGE (READING MACHINE), IT WOULD BE NECESSARY TO MAP SENTENCES OF WRITTEN ENGLISH ONTO CORRESPONDING SENTENCES OF SPOKEN ENGLISH, IN A CONVERSION WHICH THE AUTHOR CALLS "SYNTHETIC ELOCUTION." IN THIS TYPE OF CONVERSION, THE ASSIGNMENT OF PROSODIC FEATURES TO SENTENCES…
Descriptors: Computational Linguistics, Diacritical Marking, English, Graphemes
