Research into doctoral supervision has increased rapidly over the last decades, yet our understanding of how doctoral students learn scientific thinking from supervision is limited. Most studies are based on interviews with little work being reported that is based on observation of actual supervision. While joint supervision has become widely…

The paper focuses on a routine activity of academic supervision: Giving and receiving feedback based on the student's master's thesis manuscript. Two case analyses are presented on fundamentally critical feedback. Such feedback constitutes a recommendation to the student to seriously rethink the thesis, but there are various interactional…

Analyzed was the use of the Flanders technique of interaction analysis as a supervisory device with science interns. Fourteen candidates for the Master of Arts in Teaching degree were involved in the study. Seven spring-term interns were in the control group, and five fall-term and two spring-term interns comprised the experimental group. Each…

The eight papers in this volume are concerned with recent thinking and research in supervision with emphasis on the role of the supervisor as a change agent in schools. "Helping Teachers Change" by James B. Macdonald suggests supervisory dilemmas which pose philosophical and ethical questions. Two papers deal with the psychological mechanisms…

This working paper examines the theories of Fred Fiedler concerning the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different situations. Discussed first are the distinctions that Fiedler makes between what he terms relationship-motivated leaders and task-motivated leaders. The next section comprises an explanation of Fiedler's view of…

The primary function of classroom supervision is to effect changes in teacher behavior that will result in improved instructional skill. Among the problems associated with supervision are lack of time, lack of specific supervisory techniques, and poor interpersonal relations. Some observational techniques available for supervisors to employ are…

The quality of interpersonal relationships materially affects the outcome of encounters between teachers and administrators. The supervisor will, therefore, achieve the greatest overall success if he is supportive in his leadership style. His performance depends, too, on technical competence and managerial ability. There is a need for more…