Describes how a 2nd grade class learned to add and subtract effectively by packing and unpacking "Aunt Mary's candies." (KHR)

A learning and teaching approach using base-10 blocks to embody the English named-value system of number words and digit cards to embody the positional base-10 system of numeration is described. Examines the students' understanding and arithmetic skills on the multidigit arithmetic. (Author/YP)

Reviews research using diagrams, number sentences, and algorithms to help students learn to add and subtract; poses questions on the relationship of instruction to children's knowledge construction; and proposes a research agenda in this area. (86 references) (MKR)

Investigates 10-year-old children's abilities to reason by analogy in solving addition and subtraction comparison problems involving unknown compare sets and unknown reference sets. Children responded in a consistent manner to the tasks involving the basic addition problems, indicating substantial relational knowledge of these but responded in an…

Describes the success, the methods (mental, informal written, standard algorithm) and the strategies of informal written arithmetic to be observed when 300 elementary students worked on six addition and six subtraction problems with three-digit numbers. (Author/MM)

In this paper we discuss a study that looks at the kinds of practices that Latino parents use to support their children's learning of mathematics. Some of our findings reveal that parents react to their children's mathematics education looking back to their own experiences as students. Thus, in some cases, they are faced with pedagogical…

Relating natural language to mathematical language is an important component of elementary mathematics education. This paper describes new steps toward a computerized database of addition and subtraction word problems that could provide teachers and students with access to critical natural language terms and expressions for mathematical…

Instructions and exercises on the use of checking accounts are provided for students in grades 6-12. The following topics are included: (1) reasons for opening a checking account; (2) how to open a checking account; (3) how to fill out deposit slips; (4) the elements of a check and how to write a check correctly; (5) checking account rules; (6)…

Types of errors made by children in addition and subtraction are presented and discussed. Suggestions are given for testing, diagnosing, and prescribing for instruction. (MNS)

This paper proposes a semantic analysis in which meanings of word problems are structures that include class and order relations, and suggests a hypothesis of developmental levels that can account for children's performance of these problems at various ages. The different kinds of problems vary in the complexity of semantic structures and the…

Preschool children's problem-solving strategies on structured and unstructured number tasks were compared in this study. Participants were 20 four-years-olds and 20 five-year-olds. Each child was administered a number conservation, addition and subtraction, and division task. The addition and subtraction task contained trials which were designed…

The document presents a criterion referenced test of basic math skills, including division, multiplication, addition, subtraction, fractions, decimals, time, and measurement. (DLS)

This study investigated the effect of initial instruction on the processes children use to solve basic addition and subtraction verbal problems. Prior to instruction and following a 2-month introductory unit on addition and subtraction, 43 first-grade children were individually tested on verbal problems representing different models of addition…

THIS BOOKLET, ONE OF A SERIES, HAS BEEN DEVELOPED FOR THE PROJECT, A PROGRAM FOR MATHEMATICALLY UNDERDEVELOPED PUPILS. A PROJECT TEAM, INCLUDING INSERVICE TEACHERS, IS BEING USED TO WRITE AND DEVELOP THE MATERIALS FOR THIS PROGRAM. THE MATERIALS DEVELOPED IN THIS BOOKLET INCLUDE (1) NUMBER RELATIONSHIPS, (2) EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS, (3) ADDITION AND…

This study explored the effects of visual (vertical and horizontal) and oral presentation modes upon simple mathematical computations (addition, subtraction, and multiplication). Seventy-two undergraduate education majors were employed as subjects. The placement of the process sign (left, middle, right) and whether a one or two digit number…