Researchers established virtual manipulatives as an evidence-based practice for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). However, much of the existing research for this population targets middle school students with IDD. This study examined a virtual number line paired with teacher modeling and the system of least prompts…

Within the broad area of whole number operations, understanding and solving word problems continues to be an important area of inquiry. In the present study we draw on the framework of representational fluency to examine conceptual and procedural understandings that are exhibited by a group of Malaysian seven-year-olds as they attempted to solve…

Howe (2014, Three pillars of first grade mathematics, and beyond. In: Li Y. & Lappan G. (eds), Mathematics curriculum in school education, Springer, Dordrecht, pp 183-207) identified three pillars of first grade mathematics and beyond that described central mathematical and sense-making aspects of major Common Core State Standards Math…

Many elementary students have difficulty solving mathematical word problems. To alleviate trouble with word problems, we designed a word-problem intervention for 3rd-grade students with mathematics difficulty. In this intervention, tutors help students understand the three word-problem schemas for addition and subtraction word problems. Tutors…

Representations are often used in instruction to highlight key mathematical ideas and support student learning. Despite their centrality in scaffolding teaching and learning, most of our understanding about the tasks involved with using representations in instruction and the knowledge requirements imposed on teachers when using these aids is…

This study, an education program was developed to improve addition-subtraction skills of 6-year old children using educational toys and smart boards. The program was implemented with children, and its effects on their operational skills were analysed. The study group of the research is composed of 90 children who attended preschool classes in…

This study investigated longitudinal pathways leading from early spatial skills in first-grade girls to their fifth-grade analytical math reasoning abilities (N = 138). First-grade assessments included spatial skills, verbal skills, addition/subtraction skills, and frequency of choice of a decomposition or retrieval strategy on the…

The supplement and ditto packet to the science-math strand of unit six for second graders features visual materials to help the teacher carry out the instructional and assessment activities for the unit's four kits. Illustrations are provided to help stimulate oral language and conceptual development. Some are designed to be cut out for…

As a supplement to the teacher's guide for the first unit of a bilingual program in science/math for grade one, these instructional aids and ditto sheets are designed to help the teacher carry out instructional activities for kits one through four referred to in the guide. Emphasizing resources found in the classroom, the visual aids and…

Designed for use with unit four of the science/math strand for second graders, the supplement and ditto packet contain visuals, worksheets, and instructional aids referred to in the teacher's guide corresponding to this unit. The brief introductions to kits 13-16 are written in both English and Spanish; all classroom materials for students are in…

Instructional aids for classroom use and worksheets which may be reproduced for individual seatwork are included in these support materials for unit seven of the science/math strand developed for Spanish-speaking students in grade three. They are designed to be used with the teacher's guide to the unit, which contains a timetable for their use.…

A supplement to the teacher's guide for unit eight of a math/science strand for Spanish-speaking third graders, these instructional aids and ditto masters are designed to help the teacher carry out the instructional and assessment activities for kits 29-32. The guide gives the timetable for when these materials are to be used. Basic theme for the…

Designed for use with unit two of the Science/Math curriculum in Spanish developed for grade one, this supplement and ditto packet contains visuals, worksheets, and instructional aids referred to in the teacher's guide corresponding to this unit. Learning activities in kits five through eight center on the theme of the family. Illustrations and…

Designed to help the teacher in presenting the material of unit nine's science-math strand for third graders, this supplement and ditto packet contains both group visual aids and seatwork activities for individual students. Notations in the teacher's guide indicate when the supplementary materials should be used. Concepts explored in the four kits…