Two mnemonic acronyms can help learning-disabled children remember to complete the necessary steps for regrouping in addition and subtraction. (DB)

The document presents a criterion referenced test of basic math skills, including division, multiplication, addition, subtraction, fractions, decimals, time, and measurement. (DLS)

This study explored the effects of visual (vertical and horizontal) and oral presentation modes upon simple mathematical computations (addition, subtraction, and multiplication). Seventy-two undergraduate education majors were employed as subjects. The placement of the process sign (left, middle, right) and whether a one or two digit number…

The effect of instruction in addition and subtraction concepts and skills on the processes first-grade pupils use to solve verbal problems was studied. Children represented solutions in individual interviews. Results indicated pupils shifted from a concrete direct modeling approach to a more unified conception that incorporated symbolic…

Calculator use by kindergarten and first-grade pupils was examined to see whether they could perceive and use the "counter button." Results indicated pupils at this age could use calculators as a tool, and further research is encouraged. (MP)

The four studies reported in this document deal with aspects of assessing students' performance on computational skills. The first study grew out of a need for an instrument to measure students' speed at recalling addition facts. This had seemed to be a very easy task, but it proved to be much more difficult than anticipated. The second study grew…

The author describes an experiment to compare performance of grade 1-3 children on the various types of open sentence associated with basic number facts, and suggests some explanations for the results obtained. (MM)

Presented is a paradigm for teaching basic and semibasic arithmetic facts to children with arithmetic difficulties, in which the student progresses from the use of concrete materials such as blocks, to the use of diagrams such as tally marks, to a reasoning process, to responding in an automatic manner. (DLS)

The goal was to help 7- and 8-year olds develop computational skills in addition and subtraction. Experimental groups received instruction emphasizing mathematical structure while control groups worked on drill activities. Results showed that emphasizing structure facilitated the development of number concepts, place value, and computational…

The author describes various classroom activities for teaching basic number skills under the headings (1) Understanding facts, (2) Relating facts, and (3) Mastering facts. The activities are designed to involve children in the making of models of the operations of arithmetic and the interpretation of these models with number sentences. (MM)

Activity sheets and gameboards for basic addition and subtraction practice, regrouping, and estimating are presented. (MP)

Presents an issue that arises in every country: How can teachers best help children master basic addition and subtraction facts? Discusses how this is handled in China and highlights the impact that language has on how children think about numbers. (KHR)

The purpose of this study was to relate children's cognitive processing capabilities and their grade level to their performance and to the strategies they used when working addition and subtraction problems. From two sets of data which assessed memory capacity and cognitive processing capacities, six groups of children with different cognitive…

This study compared the error patterns of third- and fourth-grade children on addition, subtraction, and multiplication exercises in horizontal and vertical formats. The research design used parallel eight-item tests for each operation; the only difference between items on parallel forms was the formal (horizontal or vertical) of the computational…

A computer program which generates randomly sequenced problems for testing the abilities of students to add, subtract, and multiply one-digit numbers is described. Appendices provide tables of random sequences with directions for using the tables. The 54-statement FORTRAN program which can be used in generating additional sequences is also…