The purpose of this study was to investigate the problem of designing instruction in the process of composing. The scope of the study is limited to one kind of writing (the short, autobiographical narrative) and to one kind of instruction (a self-instructional program, developed by means of discrimination programing). Subjects for the study were…

By the 1980s, the whole language philosophy (Goodman, 1986), based on the idea that reading and writing should be done for authentic purposes, gained credibility. As the movement gained momentum, more teachers began to adopt the student-centered writing workshop as a way of teaching writing. A study of a class of 27 culturally diverse third…

Focusing on the integration of early reading and writing skills, a study examined the instructional use of daily dialogue journals over a 5-month period in a class of 10 third-grade Native American students living on an Indian reservation in northern Michigan. Students were required to make an entry of at least three lines every day, all writing…