Presents a cyclical proactive model of school administration involving data collection, collaborative definition of student needs, use of student-oriented strategies in development of interventions, and outcome evaluation in terms of intrinsic student changes. Discusses drawbacks to the referral model of problem identification and special…

This paper describes the model employed by the Austin (Texas) Independent School District, developed in response to the Lau v Nichols decision on instruction for limited English speaking ability (LESA) students, to determine when a LESA student is no longer a LESA student. Five other theoretical models are proposed: (1) an expected performance…