Intelligent game-based learning environments have developed and created dynamic, effective, and engaging learning experiences, serving as a tutoring framework for students of different educational levels. Although game-based features have recently been shown to have the potential to improve intelligent tutoring systems in these learning…

This study explores the factors influencing students' online game-based learning (OGBL) performance. At present, motivating students to engage in learning actively represents a significant challenge faced by teachers and other stakeholders. Additionally, the findings of a variety of OGBL studies have been inconsistent or contradictory,…

Online discussion is one of the frequently used learning activities in an e-learning process. Learners can exchange opinions and thoughts with their peers through online discussion, stimulate their different viewpoints on the discussion topics, and enhance the learning effectiveness of e-learning. However, most learners mainly take an effort on…

We examined the use and effectiveness of an incentive system--one of the five elements of a theory-based motivational architecture in educational games that we proposed--in a computer-based physics game on students' learning and performance. The incentive system's purpose was to motivate students to access learning supports designed to facilitate…

Some approaches to teaching mathematics have led to decreased student motivation. Gamification is an application of game elements within nongame settings. While gamification may increase motivation in other contexts, its effective use in digital mathematics instruction to motivate elementary students is undetermined. Based on the constructs of…