Different variables such as motivation, achievement, and engagement have been investigated in studies on gamification in the field of educational technologies. However, the obtained results differ, which emphasizes the need for studies based on concrete findings related to current trends and needs. In this study, we aim to reveal current research…

Vocabulary is key to English language learning; it is the basis of all languages. However, learning long lists of words and their meanings can be ineffective, tedious, and boring. This is especially true for lower elementary students as they navigate school life and development. Can digital gamification solve this problem? The purpose of this…

Duolingo is arguably the most popular language learning app available today, as measured by its metric of achieving 500 million downloads in 2020, yet remarkably little research has been conducted regarding its implementation or efficacy as a language-learning tool. The handful of studies that do exist have found positive outcomes, although…