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Direct linkCutumisu, Maria; Adams, Cathy; Lu, Chang – Journal of Science Education and Technology, 2019
Computational thinking (CT) is regarded as an essential twenty-first century competency and it is already embedded in K-12 curricula across the globe. However, research on assessing CT has lagged, with few assessments being implemented and validated. Moreover, there is a lack of systematic grouping of CT assessments. This scoping review examines…
Descriptors: Computation, Thinking Skills, 21st Century Skills, Elementary Secondary Education
O'Neill, Noreen; Donaghy, Pete; Perekupka, Joan – Principal Leadership, 2005
In this article, the authors describe their efforts to improve the performance of their middle school students on the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA). As middle level educators, they knew that in addition to addressing the curriculum, they also had to address the psychological needs of their students. To administer a standardized…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Psychological Needs, Standardized Tests, School Culture
